{"id":2091,"date":"2026-01-29T19:25:42","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T22:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaesaude\/?p=2091"},"modified":"2026-03-21T22:27:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T01:27:15","slug":"entenda-a-febre-amarela-e-sua-relacao-com-os-macacos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaemrede\/2026\/01\/29\/entenda-a-febre-amarela-e-sua-relacao-com-os-macacos\/","title":{"rendered":"Entenda a febre amarela e sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com os macacos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A febre amarela \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a end\u00eamica no Brasil, que tem como principais vetores os mosquitos dos g\u00eaneros Aedes<\/em>, Haemagogus<\/em> e Sabethes<\/em>. \u00c9 uma doen\u00e7a viral n\u00e3o-contagiosa, que, com alguma frequ\u00eancia, causa alertas \u00e0 sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. Apresenta-se em duas formas: a forma silvestre e a urbana.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A primeira epidemia da doen\u00e7a relatada no Brasil ocorreu no ano de 1685 em Recife e Olinda (capital da Capitania de Pernambuco, na \u00e9poca). Acredita-se que o v\u00edrus teria sido trazido de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, no continente africano. Pesquisas atuais que utilizam ferramentas moleculares comprovam que a origem do v\u00edrus nas Am\u00e9ricas remonta \u00e0quele continente.<\/span><\/p>

Ciclos de transmiss\u00e3o<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A febre amarela possui dois tipos de transmiss\u00e3o distintos. O primeiro \u00e9 o chamado ciclo urbano simples<\/strong> do tipo homem-mosquito, cujo vetor \u00e9 o Aedes aegypti<\/em>. O segundo, por sua vez, \u00e9 chamado ciclo silvestre complexo<\/strong>, sendo transmitido pelos mosquitos Aedes<\/em> no continente africano e, na Am\u00e9rica, pelos mosquitos do g\u00eanero Haemagogus<\/em> e Sabethes<\/em>.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 No ciclo urbano<\/strong>, a transmiss\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a ocorre atrav\u00e9s da picada (em uma pessoa) da f\u00eamea do mosquito Aedes<\/em> infectada com o v\u00edrus da febre amarela. Nesse ciclo, o homem funciona como um amplificador da doen\u00e7a, uma vez que, na fase de viremia, \u00e9 capaz de disseminar o v\u00edrus a outros mosquitos, perpetuando assim o ciclo da doen\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0No ciclo silvestre<\/strong>, por sua vez, destacam-se os mosquitos do g\u00eanero Haemagogus<\/em> como os principais transmissores da doen\u00e7a aos macacos. <\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Assim como os humanos, no ciclo da febre amarela, os primatas apresentam-se como meros amplificadores da doen\u00e7a, j\u00e1 que, ap\u00f3s a infectados, tornam-se imunes por toda a vida. Os mosquitos, por sua vez, uma vez em contato com o v\u00edrus da febre amarela, tornam-se reservat\u00f3rios naturais da doen\u00e7a, j\u00e1 que permanecem contaminados por toda a vida.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sintomas e tratamento<\/strong><\/h4>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0As manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas podem variar de assintom\u00e1ticas, que representa de 40% a 65% dos casos de infec\u00e7\u00e3o, at\u00e9 a infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral aguda, que representa cerca de 5% a 10% dos casos. As principais manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o febre, dor de cabe\u00e7a, dores no corpo, fraqueza, n\u00e1useas e v\u00f4mitos. Os quadros mais graves apresentam tamb\u00e9m pele com aspecto amarelado, v\u00f4mitos com sangue e redu\u00e7\u00e3o na frequ\u00eancia urin\u00e1ria. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 medicamento espec\u00edfico para tratar a doen\u00e7a. Dessa maneira, a conduta m\u00e9dica deve ser voltada \u00e0 administra\u00e7\u00e3o dos sintomas. O diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 facilitado uma vez que surtos epid\u00eamicos s\u00e3o identificados.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vacina<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A vacina\u00e7\u00e3o contra a doen\u00e7a \u00e9 a maneira mais eficaz de preveni-la. Trata-se de uma vacina com v\u00edrus atenuado muito segura, que apresenta elevada efic\u00e1cia. Estudos mostraram que indiv\u00edduos vacinados apresentam anticorpos neutralizantes mesmo 10 anos ap\u00f3s a imuniza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Em 2017, a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial da Sa\u00fade (OMS) lan\u00e7ou uma diretriz afirmando que, com esses novos estudos, seria seguro apenas uma dose da vacina antiamar\u00edlica ao longo da vida. Contudo, estudos recentes indicaram uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o na resposta imunol\u00f3gica em crian\u00e7as vacinadas at\u00e9 os 9 meses de idade, o que fez com que o Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade inclu\u00edsse uma dose de refor\u00e7o para crian\u00e7as aos 4 anos de idade.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Macacos e a febre amarela<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0N\u00e3o \u00e9 incomum nos depararmos com not\u00edcias que relatem a morte de macacos por parte da popula\u00e7\u00e3o em regi\u00f5es em que a febre amarela \u00e9 epid\u00eamica. Apesar disso, como explanado anteriormente, os macacos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o os respons\u00e1veis<\/strong> por transmitirem a doen\u00e7a, muito pelo contr\u00e1rio: assim como os seres humanos, os primatas s\u00e3o v\u00edtimas da doen\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Imagem 2<\/strong> – Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o de campanha contra a morte de macacos pela popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fonte: Minist\u00e9rio do Meio Ambiente, 2018.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Al\u00e9m disso, a detec\u00e7\u00e3o da morte de primatas em regi\u00f5es end\u00eamicas de febre amarela serve como um sinal de alerta \u00e0s autoridades locais acerca da irrup\u00e7\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a, j\u00e1 que esses animais s\u00e3o acometidos tal como os humanos. Assim, uma vez notificada, essa morte ser\u00e1 analisada pelas autoridades locais que poder\u00e3o se organizar estrategicamente a fim de evitar que uma nova epidemia de se instaure na regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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_________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Por Let\u00edcia Bottino<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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REFER\u00caNCIAS BIBLIOGR\u00c1FICAS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div>

COSTA, Zouraide Guerra Antunes et al. Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica da vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica e do controle da febre amarela no Brasil. Revista Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica de Sa\u00fade<\/strong>, v. 2, n. 1, p. 11-26, 2011.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

Em 2020, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade amplia p\u00fablico para vacinas contra febre amarela e gripe<\/a>. Biblioteca Virtual em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade<\/strong>, 12\/12\/2019. Dispon\u00edvel em: <http:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/ultimas-noticias\/3089-em-2020-ministerio-da-saude-amplia-publico-para-vacinas-contra-febre-amarela-e-gripe>. Acesso em: 27 de janeiro de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

N\u00e3o matem os macacos! Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ<\/strong>, 15\/03\/2017. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/www.bio.fiocruz.br\/index.php\/br\/nao-matem-os-macacos-eles-sao-aliados-da-saude-no-combate-a-febre-amarela.>. Acesso em: 06 de fevereiro de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

PETRAGLIA, T\u00e2nia Cristina de Mattos Barros et al. Falhas vacinais: avaliando vacinas febre amarela, sarampo, varicela e caxumba. Cadernos de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica<\/strong>, v. 36, p. e00008520, 2020.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa. Febre amarela. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical<\/strong>, v. 36, n. 2, p. 275-293, 2003.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

VAZ, Carolina Fernandes et al. O papel do enfermeiro frente \u00e0 vacina\u00e7\u00e3o da febre amarela: um relato de experi\u00eancia. Sal\u00e3o de Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o (4.: 2009 mai. 27-29: UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS). Sal\u00e3o de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o a Dist\u00e2ncia (5.: 2009 mai. 27-29: UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS). Anais. Porto Alegre: UFRGS\/PROGRAD, 2009.<\/strong>, 2009.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A febre amarela \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a end\u00eamica no Brasil, que tem como principais vetores os mosquitos dos g\u00eaneros Aedes, Haemagogus e Sabethes. \u00c9 uma doen\u00e7a viral n\u00e3o-contagiosa, que, com alguma frequ\u00eancia, causa alertas \u00e0 sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. Apresenta-se em duas formas: a forma silvestre e a urbana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":183,"featured_media":2093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acervo-de-publicacoes"],"yoast_head":"\nEntenda a febre amarela e sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com os macacos -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaemrede\/2026\/01\/29\/entenda-a-febre-amarela-e-sua-relacao-com-os-macacos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entenda a febre amarela e sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com os macacos -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A febre amarela \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a end\u00eamica no Brasil, que tem como principais vetores os mosquitos dos g\u00eaneros Aedes, Haemagogus e Sabethes. \u00c9 uma doen\u00e7a viral n\u00e3o-contagiosa, que, com alguma frequ\u00eancia, causa alertas \u00e0 sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. 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