{"id":2077,"date":"2026-01-29T19:09:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T22:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaesaude\/?p=2077"},"modified":"2026-03-21T22:28:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T01:28:06","slug":"re-descobrindo-a-chikungunya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaemrede\/2026\/01\/29\/re-descobrindo-a-chikungunya\/","title":{"rendered":"(Re) descobrindo a chikungunya"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A chikungunya \u00e9 uma arbovirose causada por um alfav\u00edrus da fam\u00edlia Togaviridae, que \u00e9 transmitido atrav\u00e9s da picada da f\u00eamea do mosquito Aedes aegypti <\/em>ou Aedes albopictus<\/em> infectada com o v\u00edrus. Ela \u00e9 considerada uma doen\u00e7a de import\u00e2ncia \u00e0 sa\u00fade p\u00fablica mundial. Isso porque o v\u00edrus causador apresenta grande capacidade de sofrer muta\u00e7\u00f5es, o que permite uma melhor adapta\u00e7\u00e3o a hospedeiros e resist\u00eancia aos inseticidas usados no controle do mosquito vetor. Al\u00e9m disso, os vetores da doen\u00e7a parecem estar cada vez mais adaptados ao espa\u00e7o urbano, dadas as condi\u00e7\u00f5es que esses ambientes propiciam aos seus desenvolvimentos, ficando cada vez mais dif\u00edcil de combat\u00ea-los.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Apesar da doen\u00e7a haver sido registrada no Brasil apenas recentemente, casos de chikungunya j\u00e1 s\u00e3o reportados h\u00e1 v\u00e1rias d\u00e9cadas em outros pa\u00edses. O v\u00edrus foi isolado pela primeira vez em 1953 na Tanz\u00e2nia (continente africano), durante uma epidemia. Depois disso, v\u00e1rios surtos ocorreram em pa\u00edses africanos e asi\u00e1ticos. A partir de 2005, modifica\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas no v\u00edrus permitiram que o mesmo infectasse e fosse transmitido tamb\u00e9m pelos mosquitos da esp\u00e9cie Aedes albopictus <\/em>(at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o, a transmiss\u00e3o em ambiente urbano era atribu\u00edda apenas ao Aedes aegypti). <\/em>Isso contribuiu para a expans\u00e3o da \u00e1rea de ocorr\u00eancia da doen\u00e7a para o Oceano \u00cdndico, \u00c1sia e Europa. No mesmo ano, em uma epidemia ocorrida no Qu\u00eania, 40% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o foi infectada e muitos casos graves foram registrados, incluindo \u00f3bitos.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 O primeiro caso aut\u00f3ctone, ou seja, de transmiss\u00e3o local, na Am\u00e9rica foi registrado em 2013, no Caribe. Em 2014, sistemas de vigil\u00e2ncia de sa\u00fade p\u00fablica registraram o primeiro caso no Brasil, no estado do Amap\u00e1. De acordo com o Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico de 2020 divulgado pela Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, foram notificados no ano passado 48.316 casos prov\u00e1veis de chikungunya e 11 \u00f3bitos em territ\u00f3rio nacional.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

Sintomas<\/strong><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Os sintomas da doen\u00e7a est\u00e3o relacionados com a origem do nome chikungunya significa \u201caquele que se curva\u201d ou \u201caquele que se dobra\u201d em uma l\u00edngua falada em regi\u00f5es da Tanz\u00e2nia. Esses sintomas s\u00e3o o resultado de dores intensas e debilitantes nas articula\u00e7\u00f5es, que persistem por semanas e at\u00e9 por anos, o que diferencia a doen\u00e7a dos sintomas comuns \u00e0s demais arboviroses. Outros sintomas recorrentes s\u00e3o dor de cabe\u00e7a, dores nos m\u00fasculos e manchas vermelhas na pele com coceira intensa. Por\u00e9m, aproximadamente 30% dos casos n\u00e3o apresentam sintomas. S\u00f3 se pode contrair a doen\u00e7a uma vez na vida, e depois de desenvolv\u00ea-la, a pessoa se torna imune.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Imagem 1<\/strong> – Sintomas da chikungunya.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fonte: https:\/\/opas.org.br\/chikungunya\/<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tratamento<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>N\u00e3o h\u00e1 tratamento espec\u00edfico para a chikungunya. Os medicamentos ministrados ao doente s\u00e3o paliativos, destinados a aliviar os sintomas. Recomenda-se repouso absoluto e hidrata\u00e7\u00e3o. Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 vacina para prevenir a doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Desafios e perspectivas<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A principal forma de transmiss\u00e3o das arboviroses ocorre pelo ciclo urbano, mas h\u00e1 registros da transmiss\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m pelo ciclo silvestre em pa\u00edses da \u00c1frica e da \u00c1sia, no qual o v\u00edrus chikungunya pode ser transmitido por v\u00e1rias esp\u00e9cies de mosquitos do g\u00eanero Aedes <\/em>\u00e0 macacos e\/ou humanos que circularem em ambientes de mata fechada, ademais, o A. albopictus<\/em> pode carregar o v\u00edrus das florestas (aonde ele normalmente vive) para o espa\u00e7o urbano, dando in\u00edcio assim, ao ciclo enzo\u00f3tico. Isso impossibilita a erradica\u00e7\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a, visto que \u00e9 praticamente imposs\u00edvel controlar os focos de prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o dos mosquitos em espa\u00e7os inabit\u00e1veis. Outro agravo \u00e9 a boa capacidade de muta\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus, al\u00e9m da resist\u00eancia que o mosquito est\u00e1 criando em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos inseticidas convencionais usados no seu controle.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Torna-se imprescind\u00edvel portanto, que adotemos um pensamento coletivo e reforcemos as medidas de preven\u00e7\u00e3o, que incluem a elimina\u00e7\u00e3o de poss\u00edveis criadouros de mosquitos. A melhor preven\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 ainda impedir a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o do Aedes<\/em>. <\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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_________________________________________________________________________<\/p>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Por Qu\u00e9mili Brand<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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REFER\u00caNCIAS BIBLIOGR\u00c1FICAS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div>

CHIKUNGUNYA: sintomas, transmiss\u00e3o e preven\u00e7\u00e3o. Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz<\/strong>, 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/www.bio.fiocruz.br\/index.php\/br\/chikungunya-sintomas-transmissao-e-prevencao#:~:text=Chikungunya%20significa%20%22aqueles%20que%20se,%C3%81frica%2C%20entre%201952%20e%201953>. Acesso em: 24 de jan. de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

DE ASSIS, Felipe Lopes. Evid\u00eancias de um ciclo silvestre do <\/strong>Dengue v\u00edrus<\/em><\/strong> nas Am\u00e9ricas<\/strong>. 2010. 51 f. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (Especialista em Microbiologia) – Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 2010. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/repositorio.ufmg.br\/bitstream\/1843\/BUBD-AC4E5Y\/1\/monografia_especializa__o.pdf>. Acesso em: 03 de fev. de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

DONALISIO, Maria Rita; FREITAS, Andr\u00e9 Ricardo Ribas. Chikungunya no Brasil: um desafio emergente. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia<\/strong>, v. 18, p. 283-285, 2015. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rbepid\/v18n1\/1415-790X-rbepid-18-01-00283.pdf>. Acesso em: 24 de jan. de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

MORRISON, Thomas E. Reemergence of chikungunya virus. Journal of virology<\/strong>, v. 88, n. 20, p. 11644-11647, 2014. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/jvi.asm.org\/content\/88\/20\/11644.full>. Acesso em: 24 de jan. de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>

TAUIL, Pedro Luiz. Condi\u00e7\u00f5es para a transmiss\u00e3o da febre do v\u00edrus chikungunya. Epidemiologia e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade<\/strong>, v. 23, n. 4, p. 773-774, 2014. Dispon\u00edvel em: <http:\/\/scielo.iec.gov.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-49742014000400020>. Acesso em: 03 de fev. de 2021.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A chikungunya \u00e9 uma arbovirose causada por um alfav\u00edrus da fam\u00edlia Togaviridae, que \u00e9 transmitido atrav\u00e9s da picada da f\u00eamea do mosquito Aedes aegypti ou Aedes albopictus infectada com o v\u00edrus. Ela \u00e9 considerada uma doen\u00e7a de import\u00e2ncia \u00e0 sa\u00fade p\u00fablica mundial. Isso porque o v\u00edrus causador apresenta grande capacidade de sofrer muta\u00e7\u00f5es, o que permite uma melhor adapta\u00e7\u00e3o a hospedeiros e resist\u00eancia aos inseticidas usados no controle do mosquito vetor. Al\u00e9m disso, os vetores da doen\u00e7a parecem estar cada vez mais adaptados ao espa\u00e7o urbano, dadas as condi\u00e7\u00f5es que esses ambientes propiciam aos seus desenvolvimentos, ficando cada vez mais dif\u00edcil de combat\u00ea-los.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":183,"featured_media":2078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acervo-de-publicacoes"],"yoast_head":"\n(Re) descobrindo a chikungunya -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/divulga.unila.edu.br\/ecologiaemrede\/2026\/01\/29\/re-descobrindo-a-chikungunya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"(Re) descobrindo a chikungunya -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A chikungunya \u00e9 uma arbovirose causada por um alfav\u00edrus da fam\u00edlia Togaviridae, que \u00e9 transmitido atrav\u00e9s da picada da f\u00eamea do mosquito Aedes aegypti ou Aedes albopictus infectada com o v\u00edrus. 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